ارزش تشخیصی شاخص‌های تعیین موقعیت ریشه‌ی مولر سوم مندیبل نسبت به کانال آلوئول تحتانی و مقایسه‌ی آن با Cone beam computed tomography

نوع مقاله : مقاله‌های پژوهشی

چکیده

مقدمه: با وجود تهیه‌ی تصاویر پانورامیک از دندان‌های مولر سوم نهفته و بررسی نزدیکی ریشه‌های آن‌ها به کانال مندیبل، این رادیوگرافی دارای برخی محدودیت‌ها نظیر ماهیت دو بعدی و داشتن بزرگ‌نمایی است که ضرورت استفاده از توموگرافی کامپیوتری با اشعه‌ی مخروطی CBCT (Cone beam computed tomography) را مورد تأکید قرار می‌دهد. مطالعه‌ی حاضر با هدف تعیین ارزش تشخیصی شاخص‌های تعیین موقعیت ریشه‌ی مولر سوم مندیبل نسبت به کانال آلوئول تحتانی در رادیوگرافی پانورامیک و مقایسه‌ی آن با CBCT انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی انجام شد و 103 رادیوگرافی از دندان‌های مولر سوم نهفته‌ی‌ بیماران در بخش رادیولوژی دانشکده‌‌ی‌ دندان‌پزشکی تهران با استفاده از دو روش پانورامیک و CBCT ارزیابی گردید. سه رادیولوژیست متخصص فک و صورت، موقعیت ریشه‌ها را نسبت به کانال آلوئولار تحتانی در تصاویر پانورامیک بررسی و نتایج را ثبت کردند. ارزیابی‌ها دو هفته بعد نیز تکرار گردید. سپس ارزیابی‌ها روی تصاویرCBCT انجام شد. علائم رادیوگرافی پانورامیک درباره‌ی نزدیکی ریشه‌‌ی مولرهای سوم نهفته به کانال مندیبل، به تفکیک موقعیت‌های باکالی، لینگوالی و میانی ریشه‌های مولرهای سوم در میان مشاهده‌گران و 2 بار ارزیابی، تعیین و با آزمون 2χ مقایسه گردید. سطح معنی‌داری 0/05 در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته‌ها: از کل 103 دندان، 56 مورد (54/4 درصد) موقعیت لینگوالی، 25 مورد (24/3 درصد) موقعیت میانی و 22 مورد (21/3 درصد) موقعیت باکالی نسبت به کانال مندیبل داشتند (0/002 > p value). فراوانی انحراف ریشه (0/003 > p value)، انحراف کانال مندیبل (0/03 < p value)، باریک شدن ریشه‌ها ( 0/005 > p value)، عدم تداوم بوردر (0/006 > p value) و باریک شدن کانال مندیبل (0/04 > p value) در برخی موارد در موقعیت‌های باکالی ریشه‌ها نسبت به کانال مندیبل بیشتر بود. در برخی موارد تفاوت‌ها به شکل آماری چشمگیر بوده‌اند. البته فراوانی موارد تیرگی ریشه‌ها (0/04 > p value) در موقعیت‌های لینگوالی ریشه‌های مولرهای سوم در اغلب موارد بیشتر از سایر موقعیت‌های ریشه‌ها بوده است. میزان توافق مشاهده‌گران در دو بار ارزیابی تصاویر درباره‌‌ی علائم و شاخص‌ها در حد قابل قبول بوده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: رادیوگرافی CBCT روش ارزشمندی در تعیین موقعیت ریشه‌ی مولرهای سوم مندیبل نسبت به کانال آلوئولار تحتانی بوده و با استفاده از این روش می‌توان از خطر آسیب به عصب در حین جراحی مولرهای سوم مندیبل نهفته کاست. 
کلید واژه‌ها: پانورامیک، توموگرافی کامپیوتری با اشعه‌ی مخروطی، کانال مندیبل، مولر سوم نهفته‌ی‌ مندیبل

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Diagnostic Value of Indicators of Mandibular Third Molar Root Position Relative to Inferior Alveolar Canal in Panoramic Radiography and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Although using panoramic images of the third impacted molars and assessing their proximity to mandibular canal, this technique has limitations such as two-dimensional nature and magnifications occurred which calls to use a three-dimensional radiographic modalities such as CBCT. This study compared the location of the mandibular third molar’s roots regarding the inferior alveolar canal using panoramic radiography and CBCT techniques.
Materials and Methods: In a descriptive-analytical trial, 103 radiographic images of the patients’ impacted mandibular third molars were selected from the archives of Radiology Department of Tehran Dental School and assessed by means of panoramic and CBCT techniques. Three oral & maxillofacial radiologists assessed the positions of the mandibular third molars’ roots regarding the inferior alveolar canal in the panoramic and CBCT images at 2 time intervals. The assessments were repeated for next 2 weeks again. And then they were done on CBCT images. Frequency and percent of panoramic signs indicating the proximity of the mandibular third molars regarding buccal, lingual and medial positions of the teeth were obtained among the observers and 2 time intervals and the results were statistically analyzed by chi-square test. Significance level was considered to be 0.05 (p value = 0.05).
Results: Of total 103 impacted mandibular third molars, 56 (54.4%) had lingual location, 25 (24.3%) had medial location and 22 (21.3%) shoed buccal locations of the roots towards mandibular canal. (p value < 0.002)
The frequency of the root deflections (p value < 0.003), diversion of canals (p value < 0.03), narrowings of the roots (p value < 0.005), interruption of the borders (p value < 0.006) and narrowing of the canals (p value < 0.04) were higher in the buccal positions of the third molar roots towards the mandibular canal compared to other positions. The differences were statisticaly significant in some cases. However, the frequency of darkening of the roots (p value < 0.04) was higher in the lingual positions of the third molars than other positions. The agreements of the obervers was acceptable when assessing the images regarding indices of the proximity of third molars’ roots and mandibular canal.
Conclusion: Then, CBCT technique is a valuable tool to assess the location of the mandibular impacted third molars regarding the inferior alveolar canal. Using CBCT images of impacted third molars, the risk of damage to the alveolar nerve can be reduced. 
Keywords: Panoramic radiography, Mandibular canal, Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Impacted mandibular third molars

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