Journal of Isfahan Dental School

Evaluation of the correlation between systemic osteoporosis and periodontal status in menopausal women referred to a bone density measurement center in Gorgan in 2020

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

1 Dental Student, Dental Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran

2 Dental Student, University of Birmingham, UK

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatics & Epidemiology, Dental Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Periodontal Department, Dental Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Periodontitis is one of the most common periodontal diseases, characterized by destruction of connective tissue and supporting structure of the tooth. Osteoporosis is a systemic disease of skeletal tissue characterized by a decrease in bone mass and leads to the destruction of bone structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between systemic osteoporosis and periodontal status in menopausal women referred to the bone density measurement center in Gorgan.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 56 menopausal women aged 45-65 years participated. Among the participants, 28 individuals had osteoporosis and 28 women were healthy. Periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI) and gingivitis index (GI) were measured for each patient. Finally, the data were analyzed using 95% confidence level.
Results: A total of 56 menopausal women were included in the study. The mean GI in the osteoporotic group was 0.74 ± 1.43 and in the non-osteoporotic group was 0.77 ± 1.32 (p value = 0.280). The mean periodontal pocket depth in the osteoporotic group (0.63 ± 3.73) was more than the non- osteoporotic group 0.57 ± 3.66 (p value = 0.363). PI mean in the osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic groups were 37.11 ± 15 and 37.39 ± 15, respectively (p value = 0.363).
Conclusion: The mean clinical attachment level in menopausal women with osteoporosis was significantly higher than normal menopausal women. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in other indices of periodontal disease such as PPD, PI, GI.
Key words: Chronic periodontitis, Osteoporosis, Menopause.

1. Deepa D, Jain G. Assessment of periodontal health status in postmenopausal women visiting dental hospital from in and around Meerut city: Cross-sectional observational study. J Midlife Health 2016; 7(4): 175-9.
2. Ayed MS, Alsharif AF, Divakar DD, Jhugroo C, Alosaimi B, Mustafa M. Evaluating the possible association between systemic osteoporosis and periodontal disease progression in postmenopausal women. Dis Mon 2019; 65(6): 193-215.
3. Alves RC, Felix SA, Rodriguez-Archilla A, Oliveira P, Brito J, Dos Santos JM. Relationship between menopause and periodontal disease: a cross-sectional study in a Portuguese population. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8(7): 11412-9.
4. Mashalkar VN, Suragimath G, Zope SA, Varma SA. A cross-sectional study to assess and correlate osteoporosis and periodontitis among postmenopausal women: A dual energy X-ray absorptiometry study. J Midlife Health 2018; 9(1): 2-7.
5. Pham TAV, Kieu TQ, Ngo LTQ. Risk factors of periodontal disease in Vietnamese patients. J Investig Clin Dent 2018; 9(1).
6. Penoni DC, Fidalgo TKS, Torres SR, Varela VM, Masterson D, Leão AAT, et al. Bone density and clinical periodontal attachment in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent Res 2017; 96(3): 261-9.
7. Zulkeple HT, Zahuri MK, Ridzuan TF, Al-bayati LH, Faisal GG, Mustafa BE, et al. The effect of menopause on chronic periodontitis. J Int Dent Medical Res 2016; 9(1): 45-9.
8. Güncü GN, Tözüm TF, Cağlayan F. Effects of endogenous sex hormones on the periodontium--review of literature. Aust Dent J 2005; 50(3): 138-45.
9. Tezal M, Wactawski-Wende J, Grossi SG, Ho AW, Dunford R, Genco RJ. The relationship between bone mineral density and periodontitis in postmenopausal women. J Periodontol 2000; 71(9): 1492-8.
10. Tak IH, Shin MH, Kweon SS, Nam HS, Cauley JA, Kim OJ, et al. The association between periodontal disease, tooth loss and bone mineral density in a Korean population. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41(12): 1139-44.
11. Phipps KR, Chan BKS, Madden TE, Geurs NC, Reddy MS, Lewis CE, et al. Longitudinal study of bone density and periodontal disease in men. J Dent Res 2007; 86(11): 1110-4.
12. Ignasiak Z, Radwan-Oczko M, Rozek-Piechura K, Cholewa M, Skrzek A, Ignasiak T, et al. Analysis of the relationships between edentulism, periodontal health, body composition, and bone mineral density in elderly women. Clin Interv Aging 2016; 11: 351-6.
13. O'Leary TJ, Drake RB, Naylor JE. The plaque control record. J Periodontol 1972; 43(1): 38.
14. Nowak A, Christensen JR, Mabry TR, Townsend JA, Wells MH. Pediatric dentistry. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2019.
15. Wang CJ, McCauley LK. Osteoporosis and periodontitis. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2016; 14(6): 284-91.
16. von Wowern N, Klausen B, Kollerup G. Osteoporosis: a risk factor in periodontal disease. J Periodontol 1994; 65(12): 1134-8.
17. Pourjavad M, Taghavi AM, Dadagar S, Shakeri M. Investigation of the relationship between osteoporosis and tooth loss in menopausal women [in Persian]. IJOGI 2012; 15(10): 1-7.
18. Lundström A, Jendle J, Stenström B, Toss G, Ravald N. Periodontal conditions in 70-year-old women with osteoporosis. Swed Dent J 2001; 25(3): 89-96.
19. Haghighati F, Nasri A. A comparative study of relationship between osteoporosis and periodontal disease [in Persian]. JDM 2007; 20(3): 239-44.
20. Kribbs PJ. Comparison of mandibular bone in normal and osteoporotic women. J Prosthet Dent 1990; 63(2): 218-22.
21. Pepelassi E, Nicopoulou-Karayianni K, Archontopoulou AD, Mitsea A, Kavadella A, Tsiklakis K, et al. The relationship between osteoporosis and periodontitis in women aged 45-70 years. Oral Dis 2012; 18(4): 353-9.
22. Singh A, Sharma RK, Siwach RC, Tewari S, Narula SC. Association of bone mineral density with periodontal status in postmenopausal women. J Investig Clin Dent 2014; 5(4): 275-82.
23. Mohammad AR, Bauer RL, Yeh CK. Spinal bone density and tooth loss in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Int J Prosthodont 1997; 10(4): 381-5.
24. Martinez-Maestre MÁ, Gonzalez-Cejudo C, Machuca G, Torrejon R, Castelo-Branco C. Periodontitis and osteoporosis: a systematic review. Climacteric 2010; 13(6): 523-9.
25. Al Habashneh R, Alchalabi H, Khader YS, Hazza'a AM, Odat Z, Johnson GK. Association between periodontal disease and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in jordan. J Periodontol 2010; 81(11): 1613-21.
Journal of Isfahan Dental School
Volume 18, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
September 2022