Factors Associated with the Loosening of the Implant Abutment Screw: A Literature Review

Document Type : مقاله مروری

Authors

Postgraduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Implants Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

10.22122/jids.v21.i2.0181

Abstract

Abstract:
Introduction: The internal screw connects the implant to the abutment and is essential for supporting the abutment and loading the prosthesis. The stability of this screw is supposed to determine the stability of the implant. If frequent loosening occurs and adequate management is not provided, it may affect the success of the treatment and patient satisfaction, which can ultimately result in a screw fracture or even implant failure. Having a clear understanding of the causes and factors that contribute to screw-loosening can help clinicians make better decisions during treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate factors that cause or accelerate screw loosening.
Materials and Methods: This review study which was conducted in 1403 in the faculty of dentistry of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, examines factors such as the type of implant-abutment connection, abutment and screw characteristics, type of prosthesis, screw tightening techniques and torque levels, cantilever extension, tissue entrapment, microleakage, anti-rotation resistance features, treatment processes, and human factors that may influence the incidence of screw loosening. The study was conducted by searching electronic resources like Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and ISI, with a focus on studies published after 2020.
Conclusion: Factors such as parafunctional habits and insufficient specialist experience, use of inappropriate prostheses, long cantilever length, tissue entrapment, increasing the length of the collar, and the use of implants with external hexagon connection can be effective in increasing the incidence of screw loosening. On the other hand, creating anti-rotation resistance features can reduce the occurrence of screw loosening.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Isfahan Dental School
Volume 21, Issue 2
Volume 21, Issue 2, July 2025
July 2025
Pages 181-190

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