Evaluation of Some Inflammatory Parameters in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Compared to Healthy Individuals

Document Type : مقاله‌های پژوهشی

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Nain Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nain, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Radiotherapy, Department of Radiooncology, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyed al-Shohada Medical Training Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

4 Dental Student, School of Dentistry, Isfahan School of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

5 Postgraduate student,Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department, School of Dentistry,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Hezar Jerib St,Isfahan,Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Head and neck cancer is one of the most common cancers, and its early detection is very important for controlling and preventing future risks. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and red cell distribution width (RDW) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and healthy individuals.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted at Omid Hospital in Isfahan in 2022 on 98 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and 110 healthy individuals. By examining their blood tests, the number of inflammatory cellular biomarkers in the patients was compared with those in healthy individuals. The cut-off point, sensitivity, and specificity of the investigated biomarkers were determined. Independent samples t-test and ROC curve analysis were used for data analysis. The significance level was set at 0.05.
Results: The mean NLR (Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio), PLR (Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio), and RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width) were significantly higher in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) than in healthy individuals (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Inflammatory blood cell biomarkers such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and red cell distribution width can be considered as factors for the early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Keywords

References

  1. Samara P, Athanasopoulos M, Mastronikolis S, Kyrodimos E, Athanasopoulos I, Mastronikolis NS. The role of oncogenic viruses in head and neck cancers: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and advancements in detection methods. Microorganisms 2024; 12(7): 1482.
  2. Diede C, Walker T, Carr DR, Shahwan KT. Grading differentiation in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a review of the literature. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316(7): 434.
  3. Jagadeesan D, Sathasivam KV, Fuloria NK, Balakrishnan V, Khor GH, Ravichandran M, et al. Comprehensive insights into oral squamous cell carcinoma: diagnosis, pathogenesis, and therapeutic advances. Pathol Res Pract 2024: 155489.
  4. Chamoli A, Gosavi AS, Shirwadkar UP, Wangdale KV, Behera SK, Kurrey NK, et al. Overview of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: Risk factors, mechanisms, and diagnostics. Oral Oncol 2021; 121: 105451.
  5. Dikova V, Jantus-Lewintre E, Bagan J. Potential non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Med 2021; 10(8): 1658.
  6. An I UD, Ozturk M. Evaluation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume in patients with lichen planus. Ann Med Res 2019; 26(2): 161-4.
  7. Mantovani A AP, Sica A, Balkwill F. Cancer-r elated inflammation. Nature 2008; 454(7203): 436-44.
  8. Cho JK KM, Choi IS, Moon UY, Kim MJ, Sohn I, Kim S, et al. Optimal cutoff of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in head and neck cancer patients: a meta-analysis and validation study. BMC Cancer 2018; 18(1): 969.
  9. Trellakis S FH, Bruderek K, Dumitru CA, Hoffmann TK, Lang S, Brandau S. Peripheral blood neutrophil granulocytes from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma functionally differ from their counterparts in healthy donors. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24(3): 683-93.
  10. Petrie HT KL, Kay HD. Inhibition of human cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in vitro by autologous peripheral blood granulocytes. J Immunol 1985; 134(1): 230-4.
  11. Templeton AJ, McNamara MG, Šeruga B, Vera-Badillo FE, Aneja P, Ocaña A, et al. Prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106(6): dju124.
  12. Phulari RG RR, Shah AK, Agnani SS. Neutrophil: Lymphocyte ratio and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A preliminary study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2019; 23(1): 78-81.
  13. Chen S, Guo J, Feng C, Ke Z, Chen L, Pan Y. The preoperative platelet–lymphocyte ratio versus neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio: which is better as a prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma? Ther Adv Med Oncol 2016; 8(3): 160-7.
  14. Ertas IE, Gungorduk K, Akman L, Ozdemir A, Terek MC, Ozsaran A, et al. Can preoperative neutrophil: lymphocyte and platelet: lymphocyte ratios be used as predictive markers for lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013; 171(1): 138-42.
  15. Young CA, Murray LJ, Karakaya E, Thygesen HH, Sen M, Prestwich RJ. The prognostic role of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with chemoradiotherapy. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2014; 8: 81-6.
  16. Guthrie GJ, Charles KA, Roxburgh CS, Horgan PG, McMillan DC, Clarke SJ. The systemic inflammation-based neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio: experience in patients with cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 88(1): 218-30.
  17. Haddad CR, Guo L, Clarke S, Guminski A, Back M, Eade T. Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in head and neck cancer. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2015; 59(4): 514-9.
  18. Sabrkhany S, Griffioen AW, Oude Egbrink MGA. The role of blood platelets in tumor angiogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2011; 1815(2): 189-96.
  19. Sharma D, Brummel-Ziedins KE, Bouchard BA, Holmes CE. Platelets in tumor progression: a host factor that offers multiple potential targets in the treatment of cancer. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229(8): 1005-15.
  20. Ceylan Y KK, Oral A, Ertan Y, Özcan Z. The correlation of clinicopathological findings and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther 2019; 28(1): 15-20.
  21. Schobert IT SL, Chapiro J, Bousabarah K, Chen E, Laage-Gaupp F, Tefera J, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios as predictors of tumor response in hepatocellular carcinoma after DEB-TACE. Eur Radiol 2020; 30(10): 5663-73.
  22. Racz JM, Cleghorn MC, Jimenez MC, Atenafu EG, Jackson TD, Okrainec A, et al. Predictive ability of blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22(7): 2343-50.
  23. Gooden MJM, de Bock GH, Leffers N, Daemen T, Nijman HW. The prognostic influence of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2011; 105(1): 93-103.
  24. Zhou X CH, Chen H, Zhang W, Li X, Si X, Zhang G. Predictive Value of Routine Blood Test in patients with Early Esophageal Cancer: A Matched Case-Control Study. J Cancer 2021; 12(15): 4739-44.
  25. Acharya S, Rai P, Hallikeri K, Anehosur V, Kale J. Preoperative platelet lymphocyte ratio is superior to neutrophil lymphocyte ratio to be used as predictive marker for lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Investig Clin Dent 2017; 8(3): e12219.
  26. Salvagno GL, Sanchis-Gomar F, Picanza A, Lippi G. Red blood cell distribution width: A simple parameter with multiple clinical applications. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015; 52(2): 86-105.
  27. Chen GP, Huang Y, Yang X, Feng JF. A nomogram to predict prognostic value of red cell distribution width in patients with esophageal cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015: 854670.
  28. Riedl J PF, Königsbrügge O, Lötsch F, Reitter EM, Eigenbauer E, Marosi C, Set al. Red cell distribution width and other red blood cell parameters in patients with cancer: association with risk of venous thromboembolism and mortality. PloS One 2014; 9(10): e111440.
  29. Kara M, Uysal S, Altinişik U, Cevizci S, Güçlü O, Dereköy FS. The pre-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and red cell distribution width predict prognosis in patients with laryngeal carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274(1): 535-42.
Journal of Isfahan Dental School
Volume 21, Issue 2
Volume 21, Issue 2, July 2025
July 2025
Pages 140-150

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics