Mohammadi TM, Hasheminejad N, Salari HR, Rostamizadeh MR, Najafipour H. Association between Tooth Loss and Opium Addiction: Results of a Community-Based Study on 5900 Adult Individuals in South East of Iran in 2015. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2017; 7(4): 186-90.
2. Akbari M, Faghani M, Kazemian A, Afshari R, Taghian A, Talebi A. Evaluation of oral health status and dental need assessment in narcotic drug abusers [in Persian]. J Mashhad Dent Sch 2015; 39(3): 191-200.
3. Priyadarshini SR, Sahoo PK, Jena D, Panigrahi R, Patnaik S, Mohapatra A. Knowledge, attitude and practice of dental professionals towards substance use. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2019; 9(1): 65-71.
4. Akbari M, Afshari R, Sharif M, Hashemy SI, Majidinia S. Evaluation of the effect of diacetyl morphine on salivary factors and their changes after methadone therapy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014; 15(6): 730-4.
5. Smit DA, Naidoo S. Methamphetamine abuse: Oral symptoms and dental treatment needs. S Afr Dent J. 2016;71(4):150-4.
6. Shirzaei M. Oral changes associated with tobacco and opioids consumption in patients referred to Zahedan Dental School [in Persian]. J Inflamm Dis 2011;15(3): 61-8.
7. Weinberg NZ, Rahdert E, Colliver JD, Glantz MD. Adolescent substance abuse: a review of the past 10 years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998; 37(3): 252-61.
8. Sbirkova T, Kisselov S, Cholakova R, Pechalova P, Konstantinova D. Focal oral pigmentation on the gingiva of mandible–a case report. J of IMAB 2018; 24(4): 2193-5.
9. Esen E, Haytac MC, Oz IA, Erdoğan O, Karsli ED. Gingival melanin pigmentation and its treatment with the CO2 laser. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2004; 98(5): 522-7.
10. Arikan F, Gürkan A. Cryosurgical treatment of gingival melanin pigmentation with tetrafluoroethane. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007; 103(4): 452-7.
11. Deepak P, Sunil S, Mishra R, Sheshadri. Treatment of gingival pigmentation: a case series. Indian J Dent Res 2005; 16(4): 171-6.
12. Shulman JD, Cappelli DP. Epidemiology of Dental Caries. In: Cappelli DP, Mobley CC, Editors. Prevention in Clinical Oral Health Care. Saint Louis: Mosby; 2008. p. 2-13.
13. Bachtiar EW, Putri AC, Bachtiar BM. Salivary nitric oxide, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, and salivary flow rate in smokers and non-smokers: a cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2019; 8: 1744.
14. Peeran SW, Ramalingam K, Peeran SA, Altaher OB, Alsaid FM, Mugrabi MH. Gingival pigmentation index proposal of a new index with a brief review of current indices. Eur J Dent 2014; 8(2): 287-90.
15. Gijwani D, Singh S, Mathur A, Aggarwal VP, Sharma A, Goyal N, et al. Effect of opioids on oral health status among institutionalised drug addicts in a district of Rajasthan, India. J Clin Diagn Res 2018; 12(4): LC01-LC4.
16. Nekouei AH, Kakooei S, Najafipour H, Kakoei S. Oral health determinants among opium users in Kerman, Iran. Addict Health 2021; 13(3): 156-64.
17. Sharma S, Mishra SK, Mittal N. Influence of tobacco dependence on caries development in young male adults: A cross-sectional study. J Conserv Dent 2018; 21(6): 597-601.
18. Babaei A, Pakdaman A, Hessari H, Shamshiri AR. Oral health of 6-7 year-old children according to the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19(1): 20.
19. Saied-Moallemi Z, Virtanen JI, Ghofranipour F, Murtomaa H. Influence of mothers' oral health knowledge and attitudes on their children's dental health. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2008; 9(2): 79-83.
20. Ahmed A. Dental health status of institutionalized Saudi male chronic drug abusers. Saudi Dent J 2006; 18(1): 25-31.
21. Brondani M, Park PE. Methadone and oral health--a brief review. J Dent Hyg 2011; 85(2): 92-8.
22. Cretzmeyer M, Walker J, Hall JA, Arndt S. Methamphetamine use and dental disease: results of a pilot study. J Dent Child (Chic) 2007; 74(2): 85-92.
23. Titsas A, Ferguson MM. Impact of opioid use on dentistry. Aust Dent J 2002; 47(2): 94-8.
24. Shahna N, Suchetha A, Sapna N, Apoorva S. Gingival pigmentation: A review of literature. Int J Appl Dent Sci 2019; 5(2): 83-91.
25. AlShoubaki RE, AlZahrani AS. Outcomes of gingival depigmentation among smokers and non-smokers: A comparative study. Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci 2018; 7(1): 148-55.
26. Kato T, Mizutani S, Takiuchi H, Sugiyama S, Hanioka T, Naito T. Gingival Pigmentation Affected by Smoking among Different Age Groups: A Quantitative Analysis of Gingival Pigmentation Using Clinical Oral Photographs. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14(8): 880.